La corrección del déficit de 25-OH-vitamina D mejora el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y el estado inflamatorio de pacientes estables en hemodiálisis / Correction of 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency improves control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and reduces the inflammation in stable haemodialysis patients

Introducción: El déficit de 25-OH-vitamina D (25-OH-D) es común en los pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD). Por otra parte, es bien conocida la elevada incidencia de hiperparatiroidismo secundario en este grupo de pacientes, y lo importante que es su adecuado control. La 25-OH-D está implicada en la regulación de la homeostasis del calcio, por lo que tener niveles adecuados puede contribuir en el control del metabolismo óseo-mineral. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la repleción de 25-OH-D en pacientes en HD con déficit vitamínico (niveles<20ng/ml), en el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y en el estado de microinflamación. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo en el que se trataron pacientes estables en HD con déficit de 25-OH-D (<20ng/ml), con calcifediol 0,266mcg/15 días vía oral durante 3 meses. Los datos de HD, parámetros bioquímicos y las dosis de fármacos administrados fueron analizados antes y después de la corrección del déficit. Resultados: Un total de 45 pacientes estables en HD con edad media 74,08±12,49 años completaron el tratamiento. Del total, 27 pacientes (60%) alcanzaron niveles de 25-OH-D>20ng/ml (en 23 fueron>30ng/ml, y 4 entre 20-30ng/ml). Las cifras de hormona paratiroidea descendieron en 32 de los 45 pacientes, alcanzando en 23 (51% de tratados) un descenso>30% respecto al valor basal. En cuanto al tratamiento concomitante, se objetivó un descenso significativo de la dosis de activador selectivo del receptor de vitamina D; sin evidenciarse cambios en la dosis de calcimimético ni de quelantes. Respecto al estado de malnutrición-inflamación, destaca un descenso de la proteína C reactiva, aunque no se modificaron otros parámetros de microinflamación como los monocitos activados (CD14+/CD16+ y CD 14++/CD16+). Tampoco se observaron cambios en los niveles de FGF-23. Conclusiones: La corrección del déficit de 25-OH-D en pacientes en HD se asocia a un mejor control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario con menores dosis de análogos de vitamina D y a una mejoría en el estado inflamatorio de estos pacientes. Nuestros resultados apoyan la recomendación de determinar niveles de 25-OH-D y corregir el déficit en pacientes en HD (AU)

Introduction: Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have a high prevalence of 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D)deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidismis a common condition in these patients, which is very important to control. 25-OH-D is involved in regulating calcium homeostasis. As such, appropriate levels of this vitamin could help to control bone mineral metabolism. Objective: To evaluate the effect 25-OH-D repletion in HD patients with 25-OH-D deficiency (<20ng/ml) on the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and microinflammation status. Patients and methods: Prospective observational study in which stable patients on HD with 25-OH-D deficiency (<20ng/ml) were treated with oral calcifediol 0.266mcg/every 2 weeks for three months. Dialysis characteristics, biochemical parameters and drug doses administered were analysed before and after the correction of the deficiency. Results: Forty-five stable HD patients with a mean age of 74.08±12.49 years completed treatment. Twenty-seven patients (60%) achieved 25-OH-D levels above 20ng/ml (23 with levels>30ng/ml and 4 between 20-30ng/ml). Parathyroid hormone levels decreased in 32 of the 45 patients, 23 of which (51%) achieved a>30% decrease from baseline. In terms of concomitant treatment, we observed a significant reduction in the selective vitamin D receptor activator dose, but no changes in calcimimetic or phosphate binders administration. In terms of malnutrition-inflammation status, a decrease in C-reactive protein was noted, although other microinflammation parameters, such as activated monocytes (CD14+/CD16+ and CD 14++/CD16+) were unchanged. No changes were observed in the levels of FGF-23. Conclusions: Correcting 25-OH-D deficiency in HD patients is associated with better secondary hyperparathyroidism control with lower doses of vitamin D analogues, as well as an improvement in inflammatory status. Our results support the recommendation to determine 25-OH-D levels and correct its deficiency in these patients (AU)

Correction of 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency improves control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and reduces the inflammation in stable haemodialysis patients. / La corrección del déficit de 25-OH-vitamina D mejora el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y el estado inflamatorio de pacientes estables en hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have a high prevalence of 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D)deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidismis a common condition in these patients, which is very important to control. 25-OH-D is involved in regulating calcium homeostasis. As such, appropriate levels of this vitamin could help to control bone mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect 25-OH-D repletion in HD patients with 25-OH-D deficiency (<20ng/ml) on the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and microinflammation status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study in which stable patients on HD with 25-OH-D deficiency (<20ng/ml) were treated with oral calcifediol 0.266mcg/every 2 weeks for three months. Dialysis characteristics, biochemical parameters and drug doses administered were analysed before and after the correction of the deficiency. RESULTS: Forty-five stable HD patients with a mean age of 74.08±12.49 years completed treatment. Twenty-seven patients (60%) achieved 25-OH-D levels above 20ng/ml (23 with levels>30ng/ml and 4 between 20-30ng/ml). Parathyroid hormone levels decreased in 32 of the 45 patients, 23 of which (51%) achieved a>30% decrease from baseline. In terms of concomitant treatment, we observed a significant reduction in the selective vitamin D receptor activator dose, but no changes in calcimimetic or phosphate binders administration. In terms of malnutrition-inflammation status, a decrease in C-reactive protein was noted, although other microinflammation parameters, such as activated monocytes (CD14+/CD16+ and CD 14++/CD16+) were unchanged. No changes were observed in the levels of FGF-23. CONCLUSIONS: Correcting 25-OH-D deficiency in HD patients is associated with better secondary hyperparathyroidism control with lower doses of vitamin D analogues, as well as an improvement in inflammatory status. Our results support the recommendation to determine 25-OH-D levels and correct its deficiency in these patients.

Insuficiencia cardíaca en la enfermedad renal y déficit de hierro: importancia de la ferroterapia / Heart failure in patients with kidney disease and iron deficiency; the role of iron therapy

La enfermedad renal crónica y la anemia son frecuentes en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y su presencia se asocia con un peor pronóstico en estos pacientes. La ferropenia es frecuente en pacientes con IC y aumenta el riesgo de morbimortalidad, independientemente de la presencia o no de anemia. Mientras el tratamiento de la anemia con agentes estimuladores de la eritropoyesis en pacientes con IC no ha demostrado un beneficio sobre la morbimortalidad, el tratamiento con hierro intravenoso (iv) en pacientes con IC y fracción de eyección disminuida y déficit de hierro se asocia con una mejoría clínica. Además, en un análisis post hoc de un ensayo clínico, la ferroterapia mejoró la función renal en pacientes con IC y ferropenia. De hecho, las recientes guías clínicas sobre IC de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología señalan que se debe considerar el tratamiento con hierro carboximaltosa iv en pacientes sintomáticos con fracción de eyección disminuida y déficit de hierro a fin de mejorar los síntomas, la capacidad de ejercicio y la calidad de vida. El hierro juega un papel importante en el almacenamiento de oxígeno (mioglobina) y en el metabolismo energético, y existen bases fisiopatológicas que explican el efecto beneficioso de la ferroterapia iv en pacientes con IC. Todo ello es revisado en el presente artículo (AU)

Chronic kidney disease and anaemia are common in heart failure (HF) and are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients. Iron deficiency is also common in patients with HF and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, regardless of the presence or absence of anaemia. While the treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with HF have failed to show a benefit in terms of morbidity and mortality, treatment with IV iron in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency is associated with clinical improvement. In a posthoc analysis of a clinical trial, iron therapy improved kidney function in patients with HF and iron deficiency. In fact, the European Society of Cardiology's recent clinical guidelines on HF suggest that in symptomatic patients with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency, treatment with IV ferric carboxymaltose should be considered to improve symptoms, the ability to exercise and quality of life. Iron plays a key role in oxygen storage (myoglobin) and in energy metabolism, and there are pathophysiological bases that explain the beneficial effect of IV iron therapy in patients with HF. All these aspects are reviewed in this article (AU)

Heart failure in patients with kidney disease and iron deficiency; the role of iron therapy. / Insuficiencia cardíaca en la enfermedad renal y déficit de hierro: importancia de la ferroterapia.

Chronic kidney disease and anaemia are common in heart failure (HF) and are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients. Iron deficiency is also common in patients with HF and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, regardless of the presence or absence of anaemia. While the treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with HF have failed to show a benefit in terms of morbidity and mortality, treatment with IV iron in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency is associated with clinical improvement. In a posthoc analysis of a clinical trial, iron therapy improved kidney function in patients with HF and iron deficiency. In fact, the European Society of Cardiology's recent clinical guidelines on HF suggest that in symptomatic patients with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency, treatment with IV ferric carboxymaltose should be considered to improve symptoms, the ability to exercise and quality of life. Iron plays a key role in oxygen storage (myoglobin) and in energy metabolism, and there are pathophysiological bases that explain the beneficial effect of IV iron therapy in patients with HF. All these aspects are reviewed in this article.

Eficacia de la hemodiafiltración con regeneración del ultrafiltrado en la reducción de cadenas ligeras en mieloma múltiple con insuficiencia renal / Effectiveness of haemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration in the reduction of light chains in multiple myeloma with renal failure

El fracaso renal agudo en el mieloma múltiple (MM) ocurre en un 12-20 % y es un factor de mal pronóstico para la supervivencia del paciente. Estudios recientes muestran que la diálisis con membrana "High-Cut-Off" (HCO) depura eficazmente las cadenas ligeras libres (CLL), aunque con gran pérdida de albúmina. Otras técnicas basadas en la adsorción, como la hemodiafiltración con regeneración del ultrafiltrado mediante adsorción en resina (HFR SUPRA), no han sido estudiadas. Se presentan tres casos de MM, dependientes de hemodiálisis desde el diagnóstico: dos son IgG kappa y uno IgA lambda. Los tres recibieron quimioterapia y HFR SUPRA. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la HFR SUPRA en la reducción de CLL, así como su efecto sobre la albúmina. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas pre y posdiálisis y muestras de ultrafiltrado (UF) pre y posresina a los 5 minutos de empezar la sesión y 5 minutos antes de finalizar. La tasa de reducción media por sesión de CLL en sangre en los tres pacientes fue del 53 % y del 63 % (kappa) y del 38 % (lambda). En el UF la tasa de reducción media de CLL fue cercana al 99 %, tanto al inicio como al final de la diálisis, sin eliminación de albúmina. Con los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que con esta técnica se consigue una reducción eficaz de las CLL, que se mantiene durante toda la sesión, sin que se produzca saturación de la resina y sin pérdida de albúmina. Por tanto, la HFR SUPRA es eficaz como tratamiento coadyuvante del MM (AU)

Acute kidney failure in multiple myeloma (MM) occurs in 12%-20% of patients and is a poor prognostic factor for patient survival. Recent studies have shown that dialysis with a High-Cut-Off membrane (HCO) removes free light chains (FLC) effectively although with significant albumin loss. Other adsorption-based techniques, such as haemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration by adsorption in resin (SUPRA-HFR), have not been studied. We present three cases of MM, all haemodialysis-dependent since diagnosis. Two cases were IgG kappa and one was IgA lambda. All patients were treated with chemotherapy and SUPRA-HFR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SUPRA-HFR in the reduction of FLC and its effect on albumin. We collected blood samples pre- and post-dialysis, and ultrafiltrate (UF) samples pre- and post-resin 5 minutes into the session and 5 minutes from the end. The mean reduction rate of FLC in blood per session in the three patients was 53% and 63% (kappa) and 38% (lambda). In the UF, the mean FLC reduction rate was close to 99%, both at the start and at the end of dialysis, without the removal of albumin. With the results obtained we can conclude that this technique achieves an effective reduction of FLC, which is maintained throughout the session, without resin saturation and without albumin loss. Therefore, SUPRA-HFR is effective as an adjunctive therapy for MM (AU)

Effectiveness of haemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration in the reduction of light chains in multiple myeloma with renal failure.

Acute kidney failure in multiple myeloma (MM) occurs in 12%-20% of patients and is a poor prognostic factor for patient survival. Recent studies have shown that dialysis with a High-Cut-Off membrane (HCO) removes free light chains (FLC) effectively although with significant albumin loss. Other adsorption-based techniques, such as haemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration by adsorption in resin (SUPRA-HFR), have not been studied. We present three cases of MM, all haemodialysis-dependent since diagnosis. Two cases were IgG kappa and one was IgA lambda. All patients were treated with chemotherapy and SUPRA-HFR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SUPRA-HFR in the reduction of FLC and its effect on albumin. We collected blood samples pre- and post-dialysis, and ultrafiltrate (UF) samples pre- and post-resin 5 minutes into the session and 5 minutes from the end. The mean reduction rate of FLC in blood per session in the three patients was 53% and 63% (kappa) and 38% (lambda). In the UF, the mean FLC reduction rate was close to 99%, both at the start and at the end of dialysis, without the removal of albumin. With the results obtained we can conclude that this technique achieves an effective reduction of FLC, which is maintained throughout the session, without resin saturation and without albumin loss. Therefore, SUPRA-HFR is effective as an adjunctive therapy for MM.

Eficacia de la hemodiafiltración con regeneración del ultrafiltrado en la insuficiencia renal por mieloma múltiple / Effectiveness of haemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration in renal failure due to multiple myeloma

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